Anderson is from Covington, Georgia and graduated from Newton County Comprehensive High School. He has a certificate from the University of Georgia Carl Vinson Institute of Government. Anderson and his wife Angela ave three children. He serves as the Minister of Music for Murray CME Church and volunteers for the Newton County Recreation Department as a coach, referee, and umpire.

Anderson is a city meter reader for the City of Covington. He served in active duty in the U.S Army from 1979-1982 and in the Georgia Army National Guard from 1982-2002, retiring as a Staff Sergeant.

Anderson Bailey is currently serving as a Newton County Board of Education member representing District 4. He was appointed in 2020 and re-elected in 2021, currently serving his first full term.